[CAS NO. 65666-07-1] Silymarin
PRODUCTS SPECIFICATIONS [65666-07-1]
DESCRIPTION [65666-07-1]
Overview
| MDL | MFCD00872186 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | - |
| Molecular Formula | Unspecified |
| SMILES | [Silymarin] |
3 Publications Citing Use of MCE
Summary
Silymarin is an extract of the milk thistle ( Silybum marianum ). Silymarin is an effective SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M pro ) inhibitor. Silymarin can significantly reduce tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis as well as insulin resistance. Silymarin has the chemopreventive effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Silymarin has the potential for COVID-19 research [1] [2] [4] .
In Vitro
Silymarin (0-120 µg/ml; 24 hours) inhibits AGS cell viability, the viability of AGS cells is 77.9% in the presence of 20 µg/ml silymarin, 71.5% at 40 µg/ml, 59.8% at 60 µg/ml, 44.5% at 80 µg/ml, 35.3% at 100 µg/ml and 33.9% at 120 µg/ml
[1]
.
Silymarin (40-80 µg/ml; 24 hours) inhibits the migration of the AGS cells in a concentration-dependent manner. It inhibit migration of AGS cells 59.4% at 40 µg/ml and 21.7% at 80 µg/ml,respectively
[1]
.
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Cell Viability Assay [2]
| Cell Line: | AGS cells |
| Concentration: | 20 µg/ml, 40 µg/ml, 80 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml and 120 µg/ml |
| Incubation Time: | 24 hours |
| Result: | Indicated a significant concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on AGS cells starting at 20 µg/ml. |
In Vivo
Silymarin (oral gavage; 10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) decreases the immobility time in a dose-dependent manner in forced swimming test (FST). It also lowers the immobility measure dose-dependently in tail suspension test (TST). Additionally, 50% of maximum response (ED 50 ) of Silymarin is around 10 mg/kg. The dose 100 mg/kg proved the most effective dose in both the tests [3] .
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Clinical Trial
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date | Phase |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT04816682 | F.D. Roosevelt Teaching Hospital with Policlinic Banska Bystrica |
Covid19|Liver Diseases
|
March 17, 2021 | Phase 4 |
| NCT00065741 | National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) |
HIV Seronegativity
|
September 2003 | Phase 1 |
| NCT03174561 | SC Fiterman Pharma SRL |
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
|
May 1, 2017 | Not Applicable |
| NCT00755950 | University of Maryland, Baltimore|MADAUS GmbH|The Egyptian Company for Blood Transfusion Services|Tanta Fever Hospital|Banha Fever Hospital|Alexandria University |
Acute Hepatitis A|Acute Hepatitis B|Acute Hepatitis C|Acute Hepatitis E|Acute EBV Hepatitis|Acute CMV Hepatitis
|
October 2008 | Phase 2|Phase 3 |
| NCT02878863 | Xiaoli Fan|West China Hospital |
Hepatitis, Autoimmune
|
August 2016 | Phase 3 |
| NCT01258686 | Bukwang Pharmaceutical |
Hepatitis C
|
November 2010 | Phase 3 |
| NCT03982849 | Islamabad Medical and Dental College |
Melasma
|
July 15, 2019 | Phase 2 |
| NCT01436929 | Seoul National University Hospital |
Tuberculosis
|
September 2011 | Not Applicable |
| NCT05099601 | Assiut University |
Melasma
|
May 2022 | Phase 4 |
| NCT01800487 | Ramathibodi Hospital |
Tuberculosis
|
January 2012 | Not Applicable |
| NCT03659058 | Zagazig University |
Fibrosis, Liver
|
March 2, 2016 | Not Applicable |
| NCT03547895 | Zagazig University |
Decompensated Cirrhosis
|
June 1, 2015 | Not Applicable |
| NCT00389376 | National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)|National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) |
Hepatitis C|Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
|
November 2006 | Phase 1 |
| NCT04490967 | Assiut University |
Acne Vulgaris
|
April 2021 | Phase 4 |
| NCT00680342 | National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)|National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)|University of Pennsylvania|University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|University of Pittsburgh |
Chronic Hepatitis C
|
April 2008 | Phase 2 |
| NCT03130634 | Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital |
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
|
April 2016 | Phase 4 |
| NCT01018615 | University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill|National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)|National Institutes of Health (NIH) |
Chronic Hepatitis C|Oxidative Stress
|
November 2009 | Phase 1 |
| NCT00055718 | Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center|National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
Drug+Agent Toxicity by Tissue+Organ|Leukemia
|
November 2001 | Phase 2 |
| NCT01752153 | Shiraz University of Medical Sciences |
Immune Abnormalities
|
June 2012 | Phase 1 |
| NCT05042245 | Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine|First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University|Beijing Ditan Hospital|Beijing YouAn Hospital|Wuhan Union Hospital, China |
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
|
April 26, 2019 | Phase 4 |
| NCT00412763 | University of Maryland, Baltimore |
Hepatitis
|
July 2003 | Phase 4 |
| NCT00011635 | National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC) |
HIV Infection|Healthy
|
February 2001 | Phase 1 |
| NCT04810572 | University of Sao Paulo General Hospital|University of Sao Paulo |
Insulin Resistance|Inflammatory Bowel Diseases|Overweight and Obesity|Healthy
|
May 20, 2021 | Not Applicable |
| NCT01829178 | Tehran University of Medical Sciences |
Upper GI Cancer|Cisplatin Adverse Reaction
|
August 2013 | Phase 2|Phase 3 |
| NCT00680407 | Madaus Inc|University of Pennsylvania|University of North Carolina|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Brooke Army Medical Center|University of Pittsburgh |
Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis
|
April 2008 | Phase 2 |
| NCT01292161 | Isfahan University of Medical Sciences |
Hepatitis C
|
March 2006 | Phase 2 |
| NCT02973295 | University Hospital Rijeka|University of Rijeka, Medical Faculty|Belupo|University of Rijeka, Faculty of Health studies |
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
|
September 20, 2019 | Phase 4 |
| NCT04394208 | Cairo University |
COVID-19|Viral Pneumonia Human Coronavirus
|
August 16, 2020 | Phase 3 |
| NCT05595109 | Tanta University |
Breast Cancer|Peripheral Neuropathy|Cardiac Toxicities|Hepatic Toxicity|Cognitive Impairment
|
October 28, 2022 | Phase 2|Phase 3 |
| NCT00999349 | Isfahan University of Medical Sciences|Madaus Inc |
Beta-thalassemia Major|Iron Overload
|
March 2009 | Phase 2|Phase 3 |
| NCT01091324 | National Cheng-Kung University Hospital |
Proteinuria
|
January 2010 | Phase 3 |
| NCT03749070 | Camila Ribeiro de Avelar|Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos |
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
|
February 15, 2019 | Not Applicable |
| NCT00030030 | National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)|Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) |
Hepatitis C, Chronic
|
July 2000 | Phase 2 |
| NCT00246363 | Henry Sacks|National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)|Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai |
HIV Infections|Hepatitis C
|
January 2005 | Phase 1|Phase 2 |
| NCT01049178 | Vanderbilt University |
Atopic Asthma
|
September 2010 | Phase 2|Phase 3 |
Appearance
Solid
Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
| Powder | -20°C | 3 years |
|---|---|---|
| In solvent | -80°C | 6 months |
| -20°C | 1 month |
Solvent & Solubility
References
- [1] Féher J, et al. Silymarin in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases and primary liver cancer. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2012 Jan;13(1):210-7.
- [2] Sung-Hyun Kim, et al.Silymarin induces inhibition of growth and apoptosis through modulation of the MAPK signaling pathway in AGS human gastric cancer cells. Oncol Rep. 2019 Nov;42(5):1904-1914.
- [3] Mina Khoshnoodi, et al. Possible involvement of nitric oxide in antidepressant-like effect of silymarin in male mice. Pharm Biol. 2015 May;53(5):739-45.
- [4] Anna Maria Sardanelli, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Active Site Ligands in the Human Metabolome. Molecules 2021, 26(5), 1409.
Synonyms
